MIT researchers and collaborators found that AI explainability tools in the health sector can produce sharply different results depending on who uses them.
When applied to skin disease diagnosis, non-experts improved their accuracy with AI assistance, although the improvement largely came from deferring to the model. Primary care providers showed a different pattern: they performed best when they received an AI prediction without an explanation.
The study – which appears in Nature Medicine – examined dermatological diagnosis, where AI tools already support some clinicians and increasingly reach patients through AI-powered search products.
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