The US government is putting up to $215 million behind a more concrete test of quantum computing: build a fault-tolerant machine capable of doing scientifically useful work.

The Department of Energy announced the Quantum Genesis Q Competition on Sept. 17, inviting private companies to propose quantum systems with at least 100 logical qubits capable of performing hundreds of millions of fault-tolerant operations. The program is designed to accelerate development of what DOE calls scientifically relevant quantum computers, or SRQCs.

The competition marks a shift from simply advancing individual pieces of quantum technology toward testing whether…

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